Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad
Gastrophryne carolinensis
(click images to enlarge)

Appearance: The Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad has a distinctly rotund, oval-shaped body with short legs.  The head is narrow and pointed, with a small mouth. There is a fold of skin behind the eyes. The belly is mottled and pigmented gray.  Males have a darker throat. This frog ranges in size from 7/8 – 1 ¼ in. (2.2 – 3.2 cm).  The color of these toads can vary (gray, brown, or reddish).  The Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad generally has light, dorsolateral stripes and a dark back. There is a Key West variation of this toad.

Habitat/Feeding: Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toads require habitats that provide moisture and shelter. This toad spends most of its life in damp soils, near bodies of water, or under vegetative debris. Termites and ants seem to be the major food items for these toads.

Vocalization:  The Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad makes a loud "whaaa" sound similar to the bleating of a sheep.  This toad will generally begin calling in early spring and continue through the summer (especially during heavy rains).

Reproduction/Eggs: During breeding, the male secretes an adhesive substance from its stomach that enables it to attach to the back of the female during amplexus.  Eggs are laid as small masses on the surface of the water.  The eggs hatch in about 2 days and tadpoles transform in about 1 month.

Abundance: Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toads are found in every county of Florida. These nocturnal burrowers are secretive, however, and seldom seen.

Range: Southern Maryland to Florida Keys; west to Missouri and east Texas; introduced on Grand Bahama Island and at Nassau on New Providence Island, Bahama Island.

SE ARMI Index Sites: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.